Chat locally using gpt4all application

 To chat locally using the GPT4All application, you must download and set up the GPT4All desktop app or run it from source. Here’s a general guide to help you get started:

✅ Step-by-Step: Use GPT4All Locally

1. Download the GPT4All App:

   • Go to https://gpt4all.io.

   • Click Download, and choose your operating system (Windows, macos, or Linux).

2. Install and Launch:

   • Run the installer and follow the prompts.

   • Launch the GPT4All app after installation.

3. Download a Model:

• Upon first launch, the app will prompt you to download a local LLM (e.g., Mistral, LLaMA, or GPT-J variants).

• 

• Choose a model based on your system's capabilities (larger models may require more RAM).

• 
  
  
  

4. Start Chatting:

• After the model loads, you can chat with it offline, directly on your machine.

• Recorded Session by using lLama 3.1 8B Instruct 128k model

🧠 Things to Know

• GPT4All runs fully offline, so no internet is needed after model download.

• Performance depends on your system—older machines may struggle with larger models.

• It's not GPT-4—it's a locally run LLM with decent capabilities but not on par with OpenAI’s GPT-4.

Selenium Java - Warning/Errors and its solutions

Here's a list of standard warnings/errors in Selenium with Java and their respective solutions to help you debug faster and develop cleaner automation scripts.

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✅ 1. org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException

Cause: Trying to locate an element that does not exist on the page.

Solutions:

• Ensure the element is present in the DOM and visible.

• Add waits:

  WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
  WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elementId")));
  

• Check locator correctness (id, xpath, cssSelector, etc.).

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✅ 2. ElementNotInteractableException

Cause: Element is present but cannot be interacted with (e.g., it's hidden or disabled).

Solutions:

• Use WebDriverWait to ensure it is clickable:

  WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("elementId")));
  

• Scroll into view using JavaScript:

  ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element);
  

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✅ 3. TimeoutException

Cause: Wait timed out before condition was met.

Solutions:

• Increase wait time or optimize locator.

• Use appropriate expected condition (e.g., presenceOfElementLocated vs visibilityOfElementLocated).

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✅ 4. StaleElementReferenceException

Cause: WebElement is no longer attached to the DOM.

Solutions:

• Re-locate the element after page reload or DOM change:

  element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
  

• Use a try-catch block to retry locating the element.

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✅ 5. SessionNotCreatedException

Cause: Browser version mismatch with WebDriver.

Solutions:

• Make sure ChromeDriver/GeckoDriver matches your browser version.

• Use WebDriverManager (for Maven):

  WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
  

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✅ 6. WebDriverException: unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist

Cause: Usually in headless mode with Chrome on Linux.

Solutions:

• Add Chrome options:

  ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
  options.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
  options.addArguments("--disable-dev-shm-usage");
  options.addArguments("--headless");
  

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✅ 7. Deprecation Warnings

Cause: Some older APIs (like Thread.sleep, implicitlyWait without Duration, etc.) are deprecated.

Solutions:

• Replace deprecated code:

  driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
  

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✅ 8. java.lang.NullPointerException

Cause: WebElement or WebDriver not initialized.

Solutions:

• Check initialization:

  WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // Not null
  

• Ensure correct scope in frameworks like TestNG, JUnit, etc.

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✅ 9. org.openqa.selenium.ElementClickInterceptedException

Cause: Another element overlays the clickable element (like a modal or popup).

Solutions:

• Wait for overlay to disappear.

• Use JS click:

  ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);
  

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✅ 10. IllegalStateException: The driver executable does not exist

Cause: Path to WebDriver not set correctly.

Solutions:

• Set system property or use WebDriverManager:

  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
  

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Programming with Java using Notepad

EXAMPLE : ReversedString

Output

Programming in Java using Notepad is a simple way to get started with Java development without the need for an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Below is a step-by-step guide to writing, compiling, and running a Java program using Notepad:

Step 1: Install Java Development Kit (JDK)

1. Download and install the latest version of the JDK from the Oracle website or OpenJDK.
2. During installation, note the installation directory (e.g., C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-XX.X.X).
3. Set up the Environment Variables:
   • Add the bin directory of the JDK to the PATH variable:
     • Go to Control Panel > System > Advanced System Settings > Environment Variables.
     • Under "System Variables," find Path, click Edit, and add the path to the JDK's bin folder (e.g., C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-XX.X.X\bin).
4. Verify the installation:
   • Open Command Prompt and type:
     1java -version
     2

     You should see the installed Java version.

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Step 2: Write a Java Program

1. Open Notepad (or any text editor).
2. Write your Java code. For example, a simple "Hello, World!" program:
   1public class HelloWorld {
   2    public static void main(String[] args) {
   3        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
   4    }
   5}
   6

3. Save the file with a .java extension:
   • File name must match the class name (e.g., HelloWorld.java).
   • Save it in a directory of your choice (e.g., C:\JavaProjects).

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Step 3: Compile the Java Program

1. Open Command Prompt.
2. Navigate to the directory where you saved the .java file:
   1cd C:\JavaProjects
   2

3. Compile the Java program using the javac command:
   1javac HelloWorld.java
   2

   • If there are no errors, this will generate a HelloWorld.class file in the same directory.

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Step 4: Run the Java Program

1. Run the compiled program using the java command:
   1java HelloWorld
   2

2. You should see the output:
   1Hello, World!
   2

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Tips and Best Practices

• Indentation and Formatting: Use proper indentation to make your code readable.
• Error Handling: If you encounter errors during compilation, carefully read the error messages to identify and fix issues.
• Use Notepad++: For a better experience, consider using Notepad++, which provides syntax highlighting and other helpful features for coding.

Example Workflow

1. Write the program in Notepad:
   1public class MyProgram {
   2    public static void main(String[] args) {
   3        System.out.println("Java programming is fun!");
   4    }
   5}
   6

2. Save it as MyProgram.java.
3. Open Command Prompt, navigate to the file's directory, and compile it:
   1javac MyProgram.java
   2

4. Run the program:
   1java MyProgram
   2

   Output:
   1Java programming is fun!
   2

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By following these steps, you can successfully write, compile, and run Java programs using Notepad